Automated delineation of non-small cell lung cancer: A step toward quantitative reasoning in medical decision science

Quantitative reasoning in medical decision science relies on the delineation of pathological objects. For example, evidence-based clinical decisions regarding lung diseases require the segmentation of nodules, tumors, or cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tends to be large sized, irregularly shaped, and grows against surrounding structures imposing challenges in the segmentation, even for expert clinicians. An automated delineation tool based on spatial analysis was developed and studied on 25 sets of computed tomography scans of NSCLC. Manual and automated delineations were compared, and the proposed method exhibited robustness in terms of the tumor size (5.32–18.24 mm), shape (spherical or irregular), contouring (lobulated, spiculated, or cavitated), localization (solitary, pleural, mediastinal, endobronchial, or tagging), and laterality (left or right lobe) with accuracy between 80% and 99%. Small discrepancies observed between the manual and automated delineations may arise from the variability in the practitioners' definitions of region of interest or imaging artifacts that reduced the tissue resolution.     

Cloud resource prediction model based on triple exponential smoothing method and temporal convolutional network

The container cloud represented by Docker and Kubernetes has the advantages of less additional resource overhead and shorter start-up and destruction time.However there are still resource management issues such as over-supply and under-supply.In order to allow the Kubernetes cluster to respond “in advance” to the resource usage of the applications deployed on it,and then to schedule and allocate resources in a timely,accurate and dynamic manner based on the predicted value,a cloud resource prediction model based on triple exponential smoothing method and temporal convolutional network was proposed,based on historical data to predict future demand for resources.To find the optimal combination of parameters,the parameters were optimized using TPOT thought.Experiments on the CPU and memory of the Google dataset show that the model has better prediction performance than other models.     

Study and comparison of the unique selling propositions (USPs) of free-to-use multinational patent search systems

The article analyses and compares some free-to-use patent search services which are not managed by patent authorities but which may offer unique selling propositions (USPs) beyond the expected, standard, search functions. Those services selected for this study are Google Patents, Lens, Patent Inspiration, Free Patents Online, SureChEMBL and Octimine. For this comparative study a total set of 66 criteria were analysed for each of the six search services. Furthermore the USPs and perceived advantages and disadvantages were identified. The study concluded that some of these search services are better suited for general prior art searches or patent analysis while others are applicable for patent searches in specific fields like biotechnology or pharmaceuticals.     

光伏用电致发光缺陷检测仪空间分辨率的量化评估

针对光伏用电致发光缺陷检测仪空间分辨率目视判定重复性、准确性差,并且难以量化等问题,提出一套基于卷积神经网络模型的空间分辨率量化评估方法。参照相关标准JJF(闽)1088-2018,采取不同的拍摄条件拍摄并切割出空间分辨率线对图像,对图像进行人工分类。设计卷积神经网络结构,采用卷积层、池化层和全连接层结构,并使用已分类完成的空间分辨率线对图像对模型进行训练。最终使用测试集对模型进行评估,结果表明,模型在测试集上的判别正确率达到99.2%。该方法满足使用要求,可取代目视判别,提高了光伏用电致发光缺陷检测仪空间分辨率判定的准确性与重复性,并为其量化提出了新的解决思路。由于太阳电池片用光致发光缺陷检测仪与光伏用电致发光缺陷检测仪的成像方式类似,该方法可兼容太阳电池片光致发光检测仪的性能评估。     

重庆主城区城市空间结构演变与优化——基于公共服务功能组织视角

城市空间结构与城市公共服务功能组织密切相关。重庆主城区作为典型的"多中心、组团式"城市,在城市公共服务功能的就近组织、公共服务需求的均衡化方面具有先天的优势。本文梳理重庆主城区空间结构的演进历程以及与公共服务需求变化的互动关系,辨识随着城市功能由生产向消费转型,空间面临的结构问题及其内在动因,借鉴马斯洛理论,提出顺应当前及未来公共服务需求层次的分异,城市空间结构应从"多中心、组团式"进一步向"分层多中心、组团式"优化,引导形成相对集中、功能综合的基层"小、微中心"体系,以有序组织公共服务功能,最大限度地减少非必要交通出行,降低居民出行的时耗,提升城市效率,并借鉴恩格尔系数构建衡量城市效率的评价框架,为破解山地城市空间结构问题,推动城市空间转型提供新的思考视角。     

Does interior color contrast enhance spatial memory?

This study investigated the effect of contrast in neutral-, warm-, and cool-colored spaces on spatial memory. Spatial memory was measured in terms of architectural scale and recollection of architectural elements and furniture. Participants (N = 114) viewed a short virtual simulation video of a residential studio and were asked to sketch a map of the architectural elements on distributed grid paper. Spatial memory was measured in terms of scale, and item recall rate. Contrast and hue had no significant effect on the memorization of proportional scale. However, high-contrast schemes allowed for a significantly higher recollection of architectural elements than low-contrast schemes. In comparing the effect of hues, a significant difference was seen in recalling detailed furniture and lighting items. Participants reported significantly better spatial memory of neutral and warm color schemes than of cool color schemes. There was no interaction effect between contrast and hue in the color combinations. These results can be applied in the design of color schemes for architectural spaces requiring enhanced spatial cognition and memory.     

Differences between oculomotor and perceptual artifacts for temporally limited head mounted displays

We used perceptual and oculomotor measures to understand the negative impacts of low (phantom array) and high (motion blur) duty cycles with a high‐speed, AR‐likehead‐mounted display prototype. We observed large intersubject variability for the detection of phantom array artifacts but a highly consistent and systematic effect on saccadic eye movement targeting during low duty cycle presentations. This adverse effect on saccade endpoints was also related to an increased error rate in a perceptual discrimination task, showing a direct effect of display duty cycle on the perceptual quality. For high duty cycles, the probability of detecting motion blur increased during head movements, and this effect was elevated at lower refresh rates. We did not find an impact of the temporal display characteristics on compensatory eye movements during head motion (e.g., VOR). Together, our results allow us to quantify the tradeoff of different negative spatiotemporal impacts of user movements and make subsequent recommendations for optimized temporal HMD parameters.     

基于网络数据统计的食品欺诈研究分析

目的 建立符合我国国情的食品欺诈数据库, 补充国际上已建立的经济利益驱动型掺假(economically motivated adulteration, EMA)数据库空白。方法 搜集2001~2019年发生的食品欺诈行为, 初步建立具有中国国情的食品欺诈数据库。对数据库中信息完备的454条欺诈数据进行分析。结果 媒体报道数据占食品欺诈信息总数的71.6%; 食用农产品、酒类、乳制品、肉制品等11类产品是欺诈事件发生较多的食品类别; 产品欺诈(72.2%)高居食品欺诈类型的首位; 2001~2019年食品欺诈事件数量呈现出先上升后降低, 再上升再降低的“M”状趋势; 目前食品欺诈检测技术主要以理化分析技术为主, 针对的食品类别还有限; 食品欺诈信息以中国为主(89.0%), 涉及到世界各个地区。结论 食品欺诈是广泛存在的全球性问题, 本研究建立的食品欺诈数据库为预防食品安全风险起到了重要的技术支撑作用。     

中国省际绿色技术创新效率测度及影响因素研究

文章基于2011—2017年中国30个省份面板数据，运用super-SBM模型对绿色技术创新效率进行测算，并利用ML指数对绿色技术创新效率进行动态分析，最后通过空间滞后模型分析影响效率的关键因素。研究结果表明：中国绿色技术创新效率呈逐渐增长的趋势，但整体效率偏低，有较大进步空间；中国绿色技术创新效率存在明显区域差异，呈现由东部向西部递减的格局；绿色技术创新水平的提高是技术效率和技术进步共同贡献的结果；产业结构、区域开放程度和教育水平对绿色技术创新效率产生积极的正向影响，环境规制和研发投入强度对绿色技术创新效率影响不显著。